An Ancient Emblem- English Oak

Latin name: Quercus robur

Image result for oak tree uk
Image of an English oak tree. John Haynes. 

English oak is arguably Britain's most famous and treasured native tree. It has often been regarded as a national symbol of strength and unity for centuries. This sense of adoration for the oak has its origins from a time when druids worshipped and practised their rituals in oak groves. Couples since the era of Oliver Cromwell have also been wed under the mighty tree, whilst Roman Emperors were often gifted with items crafted from the wood of oak in order to celebrate grand victories. In addition, oak is often credited with our nation's colonial past, with the wood perfect for constructing effective ships for scouring the world's oceans and supplying vital cargo and resources recovered from Britain's vast empire.

Growing up to a height nearing 40 metres, oak trees possess smooth and study barks which become worn and rugged with age. Individuals grow rapidly during the early stages of its lifecycle, although this often slows as the tree reaches over a century old. The leaves measure approximately 10cm in length and have distinctive smooth edges.

Oak trees disperse their seed in the form of acorns which are only about 2cm in length. Many acorns fail to germinate, largely due to the fact that many species depend upon them as a vital food source. Hibernating mammals such as dormice and squirrels often consume them, as do several large bird species. If an acorns germination is a success, it will create a sapling which will emerge during the following spring. 

Other than acting as an invaluable food source for many species, they support hundreds of insect species, such as the stag beetle as well as many fungi genera. This in turn provides a habitat for many bird species who rely on the abundance of invertebrates to survive. 

Although commonplace throughout the British Isles, oak can be vulnerable to certain pests and pathogens. One such disease ravaging Britain's oaks is Acute oak decline (AOD), which affects mature oak trees, usually over the age of 50. The disease causes oozing of a dark fluid and splitting of the bark, with death often occurring within 4-5 years. Nevertheless, the position and status of this grand old tree remains strong. 


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